AUTOCLAVE MACHINE & DISTILLER MACHINE
AUTOCLAVE MACHINE
Autoclaves are also known as steam sterilizers, and are typically used for healthcare or industrial applications. An autoclave is a machine that uses steam under pressure to kill harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores on items that are placed inside a pressure vessel. The items are heated to an appropriate sterilization temperature for a given amount of time. The moisture in the steam efficiently transfers heat to the items to destroy the protein structure of the bacteria and spores.
What is autoclave machine?
Autoclaves operate at high temperature and pressure in order to kill microorganisms and spores. They are used to decontaminate certain biological waste and sterilize media, instruments and lab ware.
How do autoclaves work?
Autoclave sterilization works by using heat to kill microorganisms such as bacteria and spores. The heat is delivered by pressurized steam. Pressurization allows the steam to reach the high temperatures that are required for sterilization.
DISTILLER MACHINE
Water distiller is a machine which is used to purify water using distillation process, which is related to first boiling impure water after that collecting condensed water in a separate container. These units are easy to setup, operate and provide safe distillation method.
ARDUINO PIN CONNECTIONS.
Digital PIN input
PIN 10 connect to Trigger pin (Ultrasonic sensor}
Digital PIN output.
PIN 2 connect to LED 5
PIN 3 connect to LED 4
PIN 4 connect to LED 3
PIN 5 connect to base of transistor BC547 through resistor 1k ohm
PIN 9 connect to Echo pin (Ultrasonic sensor}
REQUIREMENT
DC COMPONENR.
- Power supply; For supply voltage to the systems
Contains;
- Transformer 12V
- Bridge rectifier.
- Capacitor 1000uF/25V, & 100nF/60V
- Regulator LM7812&LM7805
- Arduino UNO/MEGA. Control unit.
- Ultrasonic sensor; measure level of water and send signal to control unit.
- Resistor 1K,220ohm.
- LED (diode); for showing level of water.
- Diode 1N4007
- Relay ;used as open and close switch for AC voltage.
- Transistor BC547; used for switching relay .
AC COMPONENT.
BLOCK DIAGRAM.
// defines pins numbers
const int trigPin = 9; // pin on the arduinowhere the trigger pin is connected
const int echoPin = 10;// pin on the arduino where the echo pin is connected
const int led1 = 2; // water level indicator 1
const int led2 = 3; // water level indicator 2
const int led3 = 4; // water level indicator 3
const int led4 = 5; // pin connected to the base of NPN transistor through a resistor for switching the pump, boiler & Condenser ON and OFF
// defines variables
long duration; // variable where the the reflection time of the ultrasound is stored
int distance; // variable where the distance of the measured object is stored
void setup()
{
pinMode (led1, OUTPUT);// sets as output
pinMode (led2, OUTPUT);//sets as output
pinMode (led3, OUTPUT);//sets as aoutput
pinMode(led4, OUTPUT);//sets as output
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication
}
void loop()
{
// Clears the trigPin
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
// Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
// Calculating the distance
distance= duration*0.034/2;
// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor
Serial.print(“Distance: “);
Serial.println(distance);
delay (1000);
if ( distance <=15)// when water has gotten to this level or is less than this level
{
digitalWrite (led1, HIGH);// led1 comes ON and remains ON
}
else // otherwise
{
digitalWrite(led1, LOW); //led1 goes OFF and stays OFF
}
if (distance >=16)// when the level of water has gotten to this level
{
digitalWrite(led4, HIGH);// switch ON the Tap
}
if ( distance <= 11)// when water has gotten to this level or is less than this level
{
digitalWrite (led2, HIGH);//switch ON the led2
}
else// otherwise
{
digitalWrite(led2, LOW);//led2 goes OFF and stays OFF
}
if( distance <= 5 )// when water has gotten to this level or is less than this level
{
digitalWrite (led3, HIGH);//switch ON the led3
}
else//otherwise
{
digitalWrite (led3, LOW);//led3 goes OFF and stays ON
}
if (distance <= 5)// when the level of water has gotten to this level
{
digitalWrite(led4,LOW);//led4 goes OF and stays OF
}
}
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