DESIGNING OF AN AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR OPERATION OF D.I.T MAIN GATE ENTRACE

Introduction

The theory of the automatic gate is very simple, when the motor vehicle comes It sensed by the motion sensor which send signal to the main circuitry board which then allows the current to pass through to the gates motor causing the motor to run in forward direction and the gate open, then closing of the gate occur when the object pass the sensor limit and cause the motor to run in reverse direction

Problem statement

At DIT the opening and closing of main gate entrance is done manually by security guards. The main problem here is the tiredness of the guards by frequently opening and closing of the gate which can cause the wastage of time to the motor vehicle which want to pass, And this occur when Guard fall asleep due to tiredness of pushing the gate from one side to another for almost a whole day. The best solution for the elimination of these problems caused by the manually controlled gates is the controlled based for automatic gate.

Main objective

To design an automatic control system for operation of DIT main gate entrance

Specific objectives

• To provide the power supply
• To design a control circuit
• To design sensing circuit 
• To determine the electric drive for movement of the gate
• To simulate the circuit
• To build the prototype
• To test the prototype

Significance of the project

1. Easy access to the gate without using energy 
2. It reduce the wastage of time for person who pass at that gate
3. Needless for a guard to open the gate and his/her big job is to do inspection effectively

Proposed system 

This chapter describes the design, function block and structure of the proposed system. The information provided in this chapter will be used as guideline for the design of the working prototype. The proposed system will consist of various sub systems, devices and components to create a circuit that will help in meet the main objective.

Primary data

Length of the gate  – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -4m

*Height of the gate   – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -2.5m

*Thickness of the gate  – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.04m

*Material used is iron  

*Weight of the gate   – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -130kg

*Time consuming with security guards for opening and closing the gate- – – – – – – – – – 2min/15sec

Power supply

Power supply used to supply power to various section of the system that are;

1. 5V power supply for Microcontroller 

2. 12V DC power supply from battery for switching system and DC motor

Alarm

The buzzer selected is controlled by microcontroller. Then a buzzer whose operating voltage is between 4 and 8V DC was selected.

From a datasheet:

Rated voltage (vo) =6V DC

Rated current (Io) = 30mA

Supply voltage (vs) = 5V DC

Resistance of a buzzer(R):

R= V/I

R=6/0.03

R= 200Ω

Current drawn by a buzzer (Iz): Iz =

Iz = 5/200

Iz = 25mA